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TIME: Almanac 1995
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0203440.000
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<text id=92TT0249>
<title>
Feb. 03, 1992: Fusions for the 21st Century
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
Feb. 03, 1992 The Fraying Of America
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MUSIC, Page 58
Fusions for the 21st Century
</hdr><body>
<p>Melding indigenous folk traditions with Western jazz and high-
tech pop, world music forges a vital new sound
</p>
<p>By Guy Garcia
</p>
<p> In her native Africa, singer Aster Aweke is so popular
that she has been dubbed "Ethiopia's Donna Summer." But Aweke,
who grew up listening to Aretha Franklin and Billie Holiday,
always dreamed of being a hit in America. Now, nine years after
moving to the U.S., she has achieved her goal. Her album Kabu
(Columbia Records) reached No. 4 on Billboard's World Music
chart. Kabu gets its power from Aweke's vocals, which soar above
a lush weave of Ethiopian folk melodies and American jazz and
pop, evoking sunny images of love and life in her rural
homeland. Yet most fans who buy her records can't understand a
word she sings. Says Aweke, who sings in Amharic: "Americans
say, `We don't know what you're talking about, but we can
follow; we feel you there.'"
</p>
<p> Aweke is not the only non-English singer who is coming
through clearly. Salif Keita, an ebullient singer from Djoliba,
Mali, whose album Amen stayed at No. 1 on the Billboard World
Music chart for 12 weeks, mixes Western guitars and drums with
high-tech electronics that mimic such Mandingo instruments as
the stringed kora and the xylophone-like balaphon. Brazilian
singer Margareth Menezes, the French guitar troupe Gipsy Kings
and Zimbabwe's Thomas Mapfumo, among others, also have solid new
albums on the U.S. market.
</p>
<p> "People are becoming aware there are other musical styles
besides Western rock and pop that are just as valid," explains
David Byrne, who helped pioneer the fusion of rock and Third
World traditions with his band Talking Heads. Byrne's interest
in non-European music led him to found his own label, Luaka
Bop, which has issued an ambitious series of compilations and
samplers.
</p>
<p> The appeal of world-music artists lies in their heartfelt
intensity--something that has become rare in the cookie-cutter
commercialism of Western rock and pop. "You get tired of turning
on the radio, and it sounds like the same producer could have
made half the Top 10," says Byrne, who plans to bring out an
album by Indian composer Viajaya Anand this year. "You get
assaulted by a million different cultures when you walk down the
streets of most American cities, and that's not reflected in the
music."
</p>
<p> World music--the term was coined by ethnomusicologists
as a catchall for non-European, indigenous traditions--has
been seeping into the Western pop mainstream for years through
progressive recordings by Byrne, the Beatles, Peter Gabriel and
Paul Simon. Simon's Graceland and The Rhythm of the Saints
albums, particularly, brought South African and Brazilian folk
styles to a mass audience. Now, after decades of borrowing by
Western musicians, Third World composers are creating
cross-cultural fusions of their own--and finding a growing
audience. Ten years ago, a world-music album was lucky to sell
a few thousand copies in the U.S. Today 10,000 to 50,000 copies
is more typical, and the number of artists and record companies--from Luaka Bop to Mango, Real World and Rhythm Safari--has
exploded. This year's Grammy Awards will feature a Best World
Music category for the first time.
</p>
<p> The crossover potential of the new aural hybrids is
obvious on Mickey Hart's Planet Drum, a dazzling display of
rhythmic virtuosity performed by the Grateful Dead drummer and
a super group of percussionists from Nigeria, Brazil and India.
Planet Drum, which has been No. 1 on the Billboard World Music
chart for the past nine weeks, is a rollicking time machine, at
once archaic and up-to-the-second, primal and technologically
smart. In songs like Udu Chant, Temple Caves and Dance of the
Hunter's Fire, the players coax a torrent of tattoos and flowing
rhythms from a battery of drums, synthesizers, Chinese cymbals,
rattles and even Mexican donkey jaws.
</p>
<p> "Indigenous music is being brought into the digital age,"
says Hart, who, in conjunction with the Library of Congress,
will soon issue a recording of music from the Amazon basin.
"This is not a bunch of savages killing chickens and howling at
the moon. These are people playing older instruments who are
virtuosos in their own right. World music tells us where we have
been and where we are going. We are looking for the rhythms of
the 21st century."
</p>
<p> They seem to be everywhere. The 3 Mustaphas 3, a
cutting-edge band from England, incorporates styles from the
Balkans, Africa and Latin America--sometimes in a single song.
And Shang Shang Typhoon, a Japanese septet with two albums on
the Epic/Sony Japan label, blends Okinawan and traditional
Japanese music with salsa, reggae, funk and rock. "There is no
pure, unadulterated music anymore," says Hart. "Nor should there
be. If music doesn't change, it dies. And when the music dies,
the community dies." By that measure, the world's future sounds
pretty lively.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>